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Fig. 10.7. Response to schematic images by Valenza et al. (1996) and Simion et al. (1998a). Valenza et al. measured preference between static, projected versions of pairs of the schematic images in the top row, using newborns ranging from 24 to 155 hours after birth. They found the following preferences: d > f , d > g, f > g, and h > i. Simion et al. similarly found a preference for d > g and b > e. The LGN, V1, and FSA responses of the model to these images are displayed here as in Figure 10.6, and are again sorted by the model's preference. In all cases where the newborn preferred one pattern over another, so did the model. For instance, the model FSA responds to the facelike pattern (d) but not to the inverted version (g). Patterns that closely match the newborn's preferred spatial frequency (f and h) caused a greater V1 response than their low-frequency versions (g and i). Some non-facelike patterns with high-contrast borders can cause spurious FSA activation (e), because part of the border completes a three-dot pattern. Such spurious responses did not affect the predicted preferences, because they are smaller than the genuine responses (see Figure 10.8 for more details on how spurious responses typically arise). Interestingly, Simion et al. found no preference between (a) and (i) in 1-6-day-old infants. The model predicts that (a) would be preferred at birth, due to the FSA response, but not by older infants who have learned face outlines postnatally. Reprinted from Bednar and Miikkulainen (2003a).