Read these instructions carefully. For this assignment, you will write a C++ program that converts integers to and from binary, decimal, and hexadecimal. Write your Your program will take three command-line arguments:

1. A single character telling what to convert from - h for hexadecimal, d for decimal, or b for binary.
2. Another character telling what to convert to - again, one of h, d, or b.
3. A string of digits representing the number to convert from

• If the arguments are in the correct format, print the conversion of the number, e.g. decimal 16 is binary 10000
• Otherwise, print a summary of the usage of the program, e.g. Usage: ./hex [ h | d | b ] [ h | d | b]

Here are some examples of using the program:

% ./hex b d 1010
binary 1010 is decimal 10
% ./hex h d 123456
hexadecimal 123456 is decimal 1193046
% ./hex d h 12345678
decimal 12345678 is hexadecimal bc614e
% ./hex a b 123
Usage: ./hex [ h | d | b ] [ h | d | b]
% ./hex h d bc614e
hexadecimal bc614e is decimal 12345678
% ./hex d h 32
decimal 32 is hexadecimal 20
% ./hex d h 1000000000
decimal 1000000000 is hexadecimal 3b9aca00
% ./hex d b 1000000000
decimal 1000000000 is binary 111011100110101100101000000000

Your program should not print any extraneous information. This is very important; your program should print only what is asked for, nothing more, since we will be grading it using automated scripts maybe. Your program code should fit in a single file and be well-documented so that a reader not familiar with the computer language can still follow the algorithms and intent of your program through your comments. You may assume the input is formatted as non-negative integers in binary, hexadecimal, or decimal.

To turn in your program, upload your one source file to Canvas on or before 11:59pm, September 9. Make sure your program compiles and works on the Linux computers in the CSE department.

Don't collaborate. Don't copy. Read the comments about academic dishonesty in the syllabus.

Hints

• C++ has support for converting between these different formats. Wouldn't it be more fun just to make your own versions of these? You'll learn more.
• There are 3 times 3 = 9 different possible conversions, so you should write 9 different pieces of code, one for each, right? No! Just do three conversions from something to the native int type, then three conversions from the native int type to something.

Extra Credit

• It must use only the following library functions: putchar and exit. No STL, no iostream, no cout/cerr, nothing from stdio or stdlib except for putchar and exit, no other pre-defined routines. That means you roll your own code for doing string output, conversion from/to hex, decimal, binary, etc.
• It must use no iteration. That means no for, while, do/while, or goto.
• It must use no variables or assignment statements.
• It must be well documented.

More Extra Credit